An Urban Density-Based Runoff Simulation Framework to Envisage Flood Resilience of Cities

Assessing the influence of urban density on surface runoff volume is vital for guiding built-form expansions toward flood-resilient cities. This paper attempts to develop a spatial simulation framework assess impact level (SR), at scale micro-watershed. proposes that comprehensively captures dynamics over runoff. The model consists 13 proxies are identified through systematic literature review. formulated three case applications in Colombo, Sri Lanka; and validated statistically empirically with reference flooding events occurred 2021–2022. possible planning interventions reducing analyzed an AI-based application Decision Tree Analysis. results indicated impervious coverage, open space ratio, road have most significant volumes selected micro-watersheds. decision-making process built environment demonstrated by control options prediction accuracy 98.7%, 94.8%, 93.5% respectively. contributes novel capture form simulations areas (3Ds): density, diversity, design; demonstrate controlling flooding.